Tired of corn, corn, corn or cane, cane, cane? There are 101 feedstocks in the biofuels canon.
Here’s what’s up with each of them, and all of them.
In Florida, Biofuels Digest released its annual Guide to biofuels feedstocks, tracking 10,658 items published in the Digest in the past 48 months on 101 feedstocks for biofuels, biopower, renewable chemicals and biobased materials.
The top 10 feedstocks, in Digest coverage
Corn — 1796 items
Microalgae — 1614 items
Sugarcane — 687 items
Carbon dioxide — 584 items
Soybeans — 442 items
Jatropha — 419 items
Oil palm — 365 items
Wheat — 295 items
Switchgrass — 248 items
Bagasse — 234 items
The top 5 feedstocks in each category
Established Grains & Grasses
Corn — 1796 items
Sugarcane — 687 items
Wheat — 295 items
Rice — 224 items
Cassava — 105 items
Established oilseeds
Soybeans — 442 items
Oil palm — 365 items
Rapeseed — 115 items
Coconut — 50 items
Castor — 49 items
Woods
Poplar — 64 items
Eucalyptus — 41 items
Willow — 24 items
White pine — 15 items
Yellow pine — 12 items
Novel feedstocks
Jatropha — 419 items
Switchgrass — 248 items
Sweet sorghum — 154 items
Camelina — 153 items
Miscanthus — 121 items
Aquatic species
Microalgae — 1614 items
Cyanobacteria — 119 items
Macroalgae — 48 items
Lemna — 30 items
Salicornia — 12 items
Residues
Carbon dioxide — 584 items
Bagasse — 234 items
Stover — 227 items
Cobs — 207 items
Straw — 190 items
In total, there were 3345 items on established grains & grasses, 1204 items on established oilseeds, 194 items on woods, 1399 items on novel feedstocks, 1824 items on aquatic species, and 2688 items on residues.
In all, the Digest is tracking 6 aquatic species, 8 established grains & grasses, 14 established oilseeds, 15 types of wood, 23 novel feedstocks, and 35 types of residues.
“Articles about a feedstock don’t always translate into acres and tonnes,” noted Digest editor Jim Lane. “A number of feedstocks are important, especially the woods, even if they receive less attention in the form of news. Plus, it’s important to keep in mind that almost every feedstock defined as “novel” has generally been around for some time; what is novel is generally that they are being investigated for use at industrial scale.”
Takeaways
Residues are king — even though popular feedstocks like corn, cane and soy attract the most attention as individual feedstocks. The very diversity of residues — agricultural, animal, forest, industrial, and municipal – tends to disperse interest against a wide backdrop of materials. At the same time, groupings like “algae” put hundreds of strains into one category. Accordingly, popularity sometimes is driven by the way the category os drawn.
Woods? An under-considered source for biofuels — primarily because fermentation systems struggle with woods, which generally (though not exclusively) lend themselves to thermocatalytic systems, which have generally received less attention over the years.
The complete list – and guide to The Digest’s coverage of all 101 feedstocks
Grains
Barley
Cassava
Corn
Rice
sorghum
Sugarbeet
Sugarcane
Wheat
Oils
Aloe
Castor
Coconut
Cotton
Flax
palm
Rapeseed
Mustard
Peanut
Poppy
Pongamia
Safflower
Soybeans
Sunflower
Tobacco
Woods
Alder
Bamboo
Beech
Birch
Blackwood
Brazilwood
Cottonwood
Eucalyptus
Juiper
Laurel
Mesquite
Poplar
Yellow pine
Willow
White pine
Grasses
Arundo
Beauty Tree
Big bluestem grass
Camelina
Carinata
Crambe
Fungi
Giant King Grass
Guayule
Hemp
Indian grass
Jatropha
Jojoba
Mallee
Millenium
Miscanthus
Napiergrass
Panicum
Pennycress
Sweet_sorghum
Switchgrass
Aquatic species
Cyanobacteria
Lemna
Macroalgae
Microalgae
Salicornia
Wolffia
Residues
Alligator Fat
Bagasse
Black liquor
Brewery
Brown_Grease
Coffee waste
Corn cobs
Cotton
Empty_fruit_bunch
Fish oil
Forest slash/thinnings
Fruit waste
Industrial CO off-gas
Industrial CO2 off-gas
Kudzu
Lard
Manure
Methane
MSW
Oil palm fronds
Oil palm shells
Rice hulls
Sawdust
Shrimp oil
Sludge
Soybean husk, hull
Stover
Straw
Tallow
Vinasse
White grease
Woodchips
Yard waste
Yellow grease
Waste vegetable oil
Whey
The 101 Hottest Biofuels Feedstocks : The Digest’s 5-Minute Guide : Biofuels Digest
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